Thursday, September 19, 2013

America's Middle Class and the Greed of our Bourgeoisie Overlords

The article I'm examining is a 'New York Times' article by Eduardo Porter. Despite what some of you may think, the NYT can put out some quality pieces. This article isn't about headline news, but rather a continuing trend that is occurring within America: the weakening of the middle class and the stratification of the Bourgeoisie. The article can be found here.

Porter, the author, starts the article by comparing our modern times to 1988. He shows that technology has progressed beyond belief, that the average production of Americans has risen, and, disturbingly, the economic prosperity of most Americans has stagnated. The median income in America, adjusted for inflation, has remained at relatively the same levels since the mid eighties, though there was a spike in the data at the end of the nineties.  Tangentially, the article fails to mention that these numbers are inflation adjusted, and it also uses the term 'typical' to denote median. Anyway, this is seriously concerning considering that both: the average production has increased, and the price of many items considered integral to the middle class; college expenses, home ownership, healthcare, ect; has risen faster than inflation. Porter points out the reason behind this. He shows the rich have been getting richer while everyone else has become poorer or remained the same. Porter also makes the point that what our nation considers middle class is increasingly becoming a fantasy. It is getting farther and farther out of most peoples reach. To demonstrate the increasing gap between classes, watch this video on Youtube. It is a very interesting piece detailing a study done by a Harvard professor.

I think something serious should be done to combat wealth and income inequality in the United States. Although what I'm about to propose may seem a bit drastic (and will no doubt receive tons of comments about), there has been other countries which have successfully done something like this. What I want to see happen is the salary of the CEO (and other executives) of any given company legally tied to the average amount of money that company pays its workers. So, in effect, the companies owners and executives will receive an incentive to pay their workers more money. They will get more money if they pay more and vice-versa. Perhaps if they cross a certain threshold, say Y x Minimum Wage, they could even get a small tax break on their income. Or, rather than tying it to minimum wage, perhaps we tie it to national median income. Give a tax break to CEOs (never have I ever said that) who pay a certain percentage above median income.

Currently there is no direct incentive for CEOs to pay better wages so most don't. I say direct because they do in fact benefit from paying their employees more money. Henry Ford payed his employees well and as a result he 'purchased' a loyal fan-base to buy his products. Most CEOs don't see eye-to-eye with this philosophy. If they were to receive some incentive, perhaps not even as extreme as what I'm suggesting, they would be more eager to pay their employees a better wage.

Now, some will probably think that this would be incredibly detrimental to our economy because we will lose job creators, and thus jobs. First lets examine the prerequisites required to open and operate a successful business.  First, and probably most obvious, the potential business owner needs some form of Capital. The definition of Capital I prefer is: Capital is anything used to generate more Capital. Hence, Capital can be anything from a good idea, to money, to gold. Second, there needs to be demand for your product. This prerequisite is far more important. One cannot simply open a business if there is no niche for that business to occupy. The amount of people in the economy willing to spend their money on product A needs to be quantitatively large enough to support the owner of product A. Thus, the less money people on average have within our economy, the less niches there will be for products A, B, C, and D. Increasing the amount of people willing to spend money, P, within an economy will also increase the number of niches, N, in the economy. The variables P and N are directly proportional. Therefore artificially increasing P will produce a quantitatively larger N.

Because N is the response variable in this situation,  it is pretty much impossible to artificially increase N itself. P needs to be increased to increase N. This is one reason why Supply-Side economics is inherently flawed, but that is another article entirely.

The point of that massive paragraph in abstract was to demonstrate that artificially increasing P by giving the proletarians more money (in the form of better wages) will by definition create more businesses. It will create, in abundance, the very thing potential business owners need the most to thrive: a market for their products.

Real quick, here is an article detailing what Switzerland did when they capped CEO's wages. Other countries also have regulated CEO wages but Switzerland's are the most extreme to my knowledge.

Overall, by increasing the pay check of the proletarians (aesthetically that word pleases me) it will do three things: one, it will decrease the income and wealth inequality in the U.S.; two, it will increase the opportunity for new businesses to flourish, and three, it will generate tax revenue and increase the rate our economy grows at. Other than the fact that CEOs are only going to be rich and not filthy stinking rich, there are no downsides that I can foresee with this.

You are more than welcome to comment if you disagree with my idea or need me to disambiguate something.

6 comments:

  1. Ethan,

    So after class today, I went home and talked with my parents a lot about what we had discussed, which is the benefits of a higher minimum wage. My parents are unaffiliated; I tell you this so you can better understand their biases. Interestingly enough it seemed that my Mom leaned slightly toward the liberal viewpoint and my Dad slightly to the conservative. They raised several points that I thought were interesting. Before I begin, I would just like to profess my real intent to ask questions for their inherent benefit, not to be confrontational. When it comes to economics, I have a lot to learn.

    I went home thoroughly persuaded to your rhetoric and in my mind what you explained lent itself to a lot of logic and clarity. When I sat down to dinner, after discussing the government shutdown, I brought up several of the things you had pointed out to me, feeling fairly proud that I was able to recount most of what we discussed with a majority of your logic intact. Then my dad brought up the point that a majority of economists are opposed to raising the minimum wage. Now that fact alone doesn't make or break the argument, and that statement alone relies on the assumption that the majority of those economists arguing are in fact college educated, but those numbers do suggest some very real problems with raising the minimum wage. I checked and was only able to find sources that suggested discrepancy within the economist sphere, but I was able to find a large body of data stating that there is a consistent majority of economists that agree that increasing minimum wage decreases employment in young and/or unskilled workers.

    Now this fact is obviously not inherently good nor bad. It merely has a cacophony of implications. The ones that are apparent to me (and I assure you there will also be many that aren't apparent to me, whether in the affirmative or the negative) are these: 1) Less labor for more money in the short run will damage revenue 2) An increase in unemployment and therefore an increase in welfare costs offsets any tax revenue the government gains by increasing minimum wage 3) An increase in unemployment, ironically, damages the very demographics that raising minimum wage was hoping to directly benefit and 4) The increase in minimum wage and therefore increase in unskilled unemployment swells the middle class more than it does the lower or upper classes.

    Now these implications are all purely born out of my thought process; I have used no external sources to back up my logic. Please view this paragraph as a chance to pause and dispute any rotten logic in the previous paragraph.

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  2. The next point my Dad raised was that if minimum wages were raised (and I'm assuming this is only the case if there are no lay-offs) that consumers would foot the bill by an increase in prices. He said that in his Econ 101 class back in college they drew supply and demand curves to illustrate this point. On a side note I found this dandy little graphic that showed the supply and demand for labor and how it relates to employment and unemployment, but I don't think I can put it into the comments. Here is a link for it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wage_labour.svg

    Anyway, back to what my Dad's point was. I asked if that was a reference to inflation, and he responded that prices were an element of inflation. I brought up what you and McMurray had said, which was that, historically, inflation hasn't been a problem. He said that was one of the Liberals main arguments for raising minimum wage. I even invoked the Australia thing, but since I really don't know a ton about average pricing in Australia all I could say was, "Australia has the equivalent of 15 to 16 U.S. dollars per hour as their minimum wage and they're . . . doing good." This may be tangential, but I would really appreciate if you could could help me define "doing good" so I can eliminate ambiguity in my argument next time. Oh, and I checked, and, according to another dandy Wikipedia graphic I found, the minimum wage in Australia is the equivalent of $15.75 per hour, just for specificity sake.

    So I think that after establishing -- and I think the number of economist who agree is a good enough base to establish on -- the fact that an increase in minimum wage means an increase in unemployment and/ or would theoretically increase prices we have cause to question whether or not increasing minimum wage would actually increase national revenues.

    Once again my economical skills are lacking, so I would appreciate if you could tell me what you think the long term implications of increasing minimum wage would be, having considered the points I have raised. Thanks.

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  3. A poll detailing what economists think about raising the minimum wage: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/28/economists-minimum-wage_n_2782488.html

    Here is the results of that same study: http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID=SV_br0IEq5a9E77NMV

    Here is a study detailing the effects raising the minimum wage has on employment. The study uses differences in counties unemployment to calculate the minimum wage: http://www.irle.berkeley.edu/workingpapers/157-07.pdf

    Here is a another study detailing the relationship aforementioned: http://www.irle.berkeley.edu/workingpapers/166-08.pdf

    Here is an article summarizing the aforementioned studies: http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2013/02/13/minimum_wage_research_the_case_for_a_higher_minimum_wage.html

    Here is an article by Nobel-prize winning economist Paul Krugman: http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/16/minimum-wage-economics/?_r=0

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  4. I agree with your point specifying that a majority of economists agree that increasing the minimum wage will have a detrimental effect on job growth. However, the overall benefits of a class that makes more money outweigh the detriments of some of said class losing their jobs.

    I'm going to copy-paste your paragraph and break it up bit-by-bit

    Now this fact is obviously not inherently good nor bad. It merely has a cacophony of implications. The ones that are apparent to me (and I assure you there will also be many that aren't apparent to me, whether in the affirmative or the negative) are these:
    1) Less labor for more money in the short run will damage revenue. For the most part, that is true. However in the long term it will increase revenue as the labor has more money to spend.
    2) An increase in unemployment and therefore an increase in welfare costs offsets any tax revenue the government gains by increasing minimum wage. Offsets, but by how much? The studies posted above detail the quantity. In sum, the amount the government receives from the increased minimum wage far outweighs the new expenses of those on welfare.
    3) An increase in unemployment, ironically, damages the very demographics that raising minimum wage was hoping to directly benefit. But, as a class, the lower classes will have a net-positive increase in their overall income. The net-positive by definition is beneficial.
    4) The increase in minimum wage and therefore increase in unskilled unemployment swells the middle class more than it does the lower or upper classes. I think this point is invalidated due to the flaws prior. Basically, raising the minimum wage does in fact swell the middle class, by adding more people to said class.


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  5. Now, to address the increase (or possible increase) of prices when the minimum wage increases.

    Something, or a multitude of things, have to happen to keep profit margins equivalent to what they were prior to an increase of the minimum wage.
    1) The prices of the commodities increase
    2) The amount other people are paid within the company decreases
    3) The revenue increases
    4) The expenses decrease
    5) The efficiency of the workers increases
    6) The efficiency of production increases

    Number 1 will be one of the immediate responses of companies. Though, and I will detail later, that isn't necessarily a bad thing.

    Number 2 will probably not be selected by the company itself. It would need outside incentive to commit to this policy. One does not vote to lower oneself's pay.

    Number 3 will happen in the longer term. The workers will have more money to spend. It won't happen immediately but would offset the majority of the increased cost.

    Number 4 probably wouldn't happen under circumstances that I can think of.

    Number 5 is likely to happen. Better paid workers do better work. Though the increased production of the workers isn't likely to completely offset the new cost, it will contribute.

    Number 6 may happen. The production itself may become more efficient if technology increases. Technology may increase at a faster rate because there will be less spending on unemployment benefits at the national level. Hence, there will be more money free to potentially fund research grants.

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  6. Assume, despite evidence against this, that the company completely offsets the cost of higher wages by raising prices.
    A company, Z, also owns a company store and forces its workers to only buy from the store. The workers have to spend all their money in Z's store. Z is forced to double its minimum wages. In response, Z increases the price of the products in the store enough to compensate completely. The workers still can purchase the exact same amount of commodities as they could before. Nothing really happened.

    Another company, Y, doesn't have a company store. However, only those who earn minimum wage are allowed to shop their. In fact, Y is in a society where all minimum wage-slaves have to shop at stores that only serve minimum wage. Minimum wage increases for the nation, and in response, Y increases its prices just enough to compensate completely. The wage-slaves aren't detrimentally impacted, nor are they beneficially impacted. Again, nothing really happened.

    Yet another company, X, is in our society. X pays most of its workers close to minimum wage. However, X, like all companies within our society, services people from all economic backgrounds. The minimum wage is raised, and X raises prices. The difference in this scenario is the wage-slaves actually benefit. The other classes not on minimum wage will contribute to offsetting the increased prices. Hence, raising the minimum wage has the effect of taking from the rich and giving to the poor. It decreases the distance between the poorest class and the other classes.

    In sum, under no circumstance can raising the minimum wage negatively impact the lower classes. Under our particular circumstances, the minimum wage benefits the poor classes even with higher prices.

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